28 febrero muerte de simon rodriguez biography
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María Antonia Bolívar and the War for Independence in Venezuela
Retired Archivist
Portsmouth, RI
Evelyn.Cherpak1@gmail.com
Abstract: This article explores the relationship of María Antonia Bolívar, supporter of the royalist cause during the wars for independence, with her brother, Simón Bolívar, the Liberator of northern South America, during the conflict and in the aftermath. It explores the role of a woman of the elite who accepted and executed responsibility for the protection of the Bolívar family properties and wealth.
Keywords: María Antonia Bolívar, Simón Bolívar, Venezuela, Wars for Independence
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A Divisive Issue
The declaration of independence proclaimed by the Congress in Caracas, Venezuela, on July 5, 1811, and the war of independence that followed created a rift in mantuanofam
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Simón Bolívar
Venezuelan statesman and military officer (1783–1830)
"Bolívar" redirects here. For other uses, see Bolívar (disambiguation) and Simón Bolívar (disambiguation).
In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Bolívar and the second or maternal family name is Palacios.
Not to be confused with Simone de Beauvoir.
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco[c] (24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830) was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire. He is known colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator of America.
Simón Bolívar was born in Caracas in the Captaincy General of Venezuela into a wealthy family of American-born Spaniards (criollo) but lost both parents as a child. Bolívar was educated abroad and lived in Spain, as was common
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Richard E. Bennett, “El Libertador: Simon Bolivar and the Spanish American Independence Movement,” in 1820: Dawning of the Restoration (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book), 207‒30.
“It would be far too tedious to describe in detail . . . the labors performed bygd the troops of the Army of Liberation. . . . The winter on the flooded plains, the fryst peaks of the Andes, the sudden changes of climate, an army twice inured to war and in control of the best military positions of South America—these and many other obstacles we managed to overcome at Paya, Gámeza, Vargas, Boyacá and Popayán, in order to liberate in less than three months twelve provinces of New Granada.”[1] So spoke Simón Bolívar, liberator of much of South America, after his 1,000-mile march with 2,500 battle-tested soldiers from Angostura, Venezuela, up the Orinoco River, and ultimately over the towering 13,000-foot Andes to Nueva Granada (present-da